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This paper contains an introduction to industrial problems, solutions, and results conducted with the Korea Association of Machinery Industry. The client company commis-sioned the problem of upgrading the method of identifying global supply risky items. Accord-ingly, the factors affecting the supply and demand of imported items in the global supply chain were identified and the method of selecting risky items was studied and delivered. Through research and discussions with the client companies, it is confirmed that the most suitable fac-tors for identifying global supply risky items are 'import size', 'import dependence', and 'trend abnormality'. The meaning of each indicator is introduced, and risky items are selected us-ing export/import data until October 2022. Through this paper, it is expected that countries and companies will be able to identify global supply risky items in advance and prepare for risks in the new normal situation: the economic situation caused by infectious diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic;and the export/import regulation due to geopolitical problems. The client company will include in his report, the method presented in this paper and the risky items selected by the method.
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Teamwork is a strategy for successful learning. With the Coronavirus outbreak, many universities began to rely on synchronous video conferencing and/or metaverse platforms. This study examines the difference between undergraduate students' perceptions and experiences of teamwork on Zoom and Gather.Town. A mixed-method comparative case study was conducted in which a questionnaire survey was administered to 20 undergraduate students in Korea, followed by in-depth interviews and participant observation;reflective journal writing was also examined. The data were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The results show that the students had a higher perception of teamwork on Gather.Town than on Zoom. Gather.Town was effective because of the sense of presence and mobility of space it afforded, the social presence it facilitated through avatars, empowerment, and openness of emotions, and the differences in the interface and social platform. The findings can aid in the selection of platforms to suit the needs of students and instructors and in the design and implementation of effective teamwork activities on the selected platform. © 2023 by the authors.
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Introduction: Residency training has faced substantial challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understandably, interventional pain procedures have seen an associated reduction in case volume due to global healthcare recommendations, especially due to many interventional spine procedures being categorized as elective. For PM&R residents, the ACGME recommends observation or performance of 10 total epidural, facet, or SI joint injections and no requirement of exposure to neuromodulatory procedures during their training. This quality improvement project utilizes a 3D printed spine, medical instruments, and virtually simulated fluoroscopic images to create a hybrid training platform. The goal of the study was to enhance resident exposure to neuromodulation while improving technical proficiency, efficiency, and confidence of trainees with spinal cord stimulator placement. Methods: Current PM&R residents of all PGY levels were recruited to this study (n=10). A pre-test survey to determine baseline levels of comfort and experience with neuraxial procedures was taken by all participants. They were then taken through two standardized attempts of accessing the epidural space via interlaminar approach followed by placement of spinal cord stimulator leads. After the first attempt, a brief teaching session to correct significant deficiencies or mistakes was allotted. After the second attempt, a post-test survey to evaluate confidence levels and self-perception of procedural skill was completed. Performance during each attempt was objectively assessed via a modified Operative Performance Rating System (OPRS) evaluation. Results: During pre-test survey, participants of the study had extremely limited exposure to percutaneous lead placement (4 total cases observed, 0 performed) with correlated low confidence levels. Between first and second attempts, participants had significant improvements in their ability to safely access the epidural space (40% failure rate on first attempt, improved to 0%). Ability to effectively drive percutaneous leads was also demonstrated, with less incidence of anterior migration requiring leads to be withdrawn (53% improvement of average lead travel distance between attempts). Procedural efficiency also substantially improved (34% average decrease of total fluoroscopy time between attempts). Finally, objective OPRS evaluations and subjective participant procedural confidence levels improved proportionately with performance. Conclusion: Virtually simulated fluoroscopic training is a viable and effective method of initiating or augmenting neuromodulatory procedure education. The device provides a safe, radiation-free setting for learning procedures prior to performing them on real patients and improves the confidence, efficiency, and objective performance of participants. Ultimately, this is an even more important didactic option given ongoing events surrounding the global pandemic. Disclosure: William White, DO: None, Michael Jung, MD, MBA: None [Formula presented] [Formula presented] [Formula presented]
ABSTRACT
This paper is the fourth contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms, as well as DNA barcodes for the taxa covered. Moreover, 12 whole-genome sequences for the type or new species in the treated genera are provided. The fourth paper in the GOPHY series covers 19 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives, including Ascochyta, Cadophora, Celoporthe, Cercospora, Coleophoma, Cytospora, Dendrostoma, Didymella, Endothia, Heterophaeomoniella, Leptosphaerulina, Melampsora, Nigrospora, Pezicula, Phaeomoniella, Pseudocercospora, Pteridopassalora, Zymoseptoria, and one genus of oomycetes, Phytophthora. This study includes two new genera, 30 new species, five new combinations, and 43 typifications of older names. Taxonomic novelties: New genera: Heterophaeomoniella L. Mostert, C.F.J. Spies, Halleen & Gramaje, Pteridopassalora C. Nakash. & Crous; New species: Ascochyta flava Qian Chen & L. Cai, Cadophora domestica L. Mostert, R. van der Merwe, Halleen & Gramaje, Cadophora rotunda L. Mostert, R. van der Merwe, Halleen & Gramaje, Cadophora vinacea J.R. Úrbez-Torres, D.T. O'Gorman & Gramaje, Cadophora vivarii L. Mostert, Havenga, Halleen & Gramaje, Celoporthe foliorum H. Suzuki, Marinc. & M.J. Wingf., Cercospora alyssopsidis M. Bakhshi, Zare & Crous, Dendrostoma elaeocarpi C.M. Tian & Q. Yang, Didymella chlamydospora Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella gei Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella ligulariae Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella qilianensis Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella uniseptata Qian Chen & L. Cai, Endothia cerciana W. Wang. & S.F. Chen, Leptosphaerulina miscanthi Qian Chen & L. Cai, Nigrospora covidalis M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai, Nigrospora globospora M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai, Nigrospora philosophiae-doctoris M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai, Phytophthora transitoria I. Milenkovic, T. Májek & T. Jung, Phytophthora panamensis T. Jung, Y. Balci, K. Broders & I. Milenkovic, Phytophthora variabilis T. Jung, M. Horta Jung & I. Milenkovic, Pseudocercospora delonicicola C. Nakash., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora farfugii C. Nakash., I. Araki, & Ai Ito, Pseudocercospora hardenbergiae Crous & C. Nakash., Pseudocercospora kenyirana C. Nakash., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora perrottetiae Crous, C. Nakash. & C.Y. Chen, Pseudocercospora platyceriicola C. Nakash., Y. Hatt, L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora stemonicola C. Nakash., Y. Hatt., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora terengganuensis C. Nakash., Y. Hatt., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora xenopunicae Crous & C. Nakash.; New combinations: Heterophaeomoniella pinifoliorum (Hyang B. Lee et al.) L. Mostert, C.F.J. Spies, Halleen & Gramaje, Pseudocercospora pruni-grayanae (Sawada) C. Nakash. & Motohashi., Pseudocercospora togashiana (K. Ito & Tak. Kobay.) C. Nakash. & Tak. Kobay., Pteridopassalora nephrolepidicola (Crous & R.G. Shivas) C. Nakash. & Crous, Pteridopassalora lygodii (Goh & W.H. Hsieh) C. Nakash. & Crous; Typification: Epitypification: Botrytis infestans Mont., Cercospora abeliae Katsuki, Cercospora ceratoniae Pat. & Trab., Cercospora cladrastidis Jacz., Cercospora cryptomeriicola Sawada, Cercospora dalbergiae S.H. Sun, Cercospora ebulicola W. Yamam., Cercospora formosana W. Yamam., Cercospora fukuii W. Yamam., Cercospora glochidionis Sawada, Cercospora ixorana J.M. Yen & Lim, Cercospora liquidambaricola J.M. Yen, Cercospora pancratii Ellis & Everh., Cercospora pini-densiflorae Hori & Nambu, Cercospora profusa Syd. & P. Syd., Cercospora pyracanthae Katsuki, Cercospora horiana Togashi & Katsuki, Cercospora tabernaemontanae Syd. & P. Syd., Cercospora trinidadensis F. Stevens & Solheim, Melampsora laricis-urbanianae Tak. Matsumoto, Melampsora salicis-cupularis Wang, Phaeoisariopsis pruni-grayanae Sawada, Pseudocercospora angiopteridis Goh & W.H. Hsieh, Pseudocercospora basitruncata Crous, Pseudocercospora boehmeriigena U. Braun, Pseudocercospora coprosmae U. Braun & C.F. Hill, Pseudocercospora cratevicola C. Nakash. & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora cymbidiicola U. Braun & C.F. Hill, Pseudocercospora dodonaeae Boesew., Pseudocercospora euphorbiacearum U. Braun, Pseudocercospora lygodii Goh & W.H. Hsieh, Pseudocercospora metrosideri U. Braun, Pseudocercospora paraexosporioides C. Nakash. & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora symploci Katsuki & Tak. Kobay. ex U. Braun & Crous, Septogloeum punctatum Wakef.; Neotypification: Cercospora aleuritis I. Miyake; Lectotypification: Cercospora dalbergiae S.H. Sun, Cercospora formosana W. Yamam., Cercospora fukuii W. Yamam., Cercospora glochidionis Sawada, Cercospora profusa Syd. & P. Syd., Melampsora laricis-urbanianae Tak. Matsumoto, Phaeoisariopsis pruni-grayanae Sawada, Pseudocercospora symploci Katsuki & Tak. Kobay. ex U. Braun & Crous. Citation: Chen Q, Bakhshi M, Balci Y, Broders KD, Cheewangkoon R, Chen SF, Fan XL, Gramaje D, Halleen F, Horta Jung M, Jiang N, Jung T, Májek T, Marincowitz S, Milenkovic T, Mostert L, Nakashima C, Nurul Faziha I, Pan M, Raza M, Scanu B, Spies CFJ, Suhaizan L, Suzuki H, Tian CM, Tomsovský M, Úrbez-Torres JR, Wang W, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ, Yang Q, Yang X, Zare R, Zhao P, Groenewald JZ, Cai L, Crous PW (2022). Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 4. Studies in Mycology 101: 417-564. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.101.06.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The interview is an integral component of the application process for graduate medical education programs. It allows for the evaluation of the applicants' communication and interpersonal skills, as well as their understanding of professional behavior. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, many medical fellowships have interviewed their candidates via face-to-face processes. As a result of the necessity to incorporate contact-free interactions, many programs have shifted their interview process to a video communication approach with the use of platforms such as Zoom or Skype. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness and barriers of using Zoom video communication for the interview process of a geriatric medicine fellowship program. METHODS: This is a descriptive survey study addressing the experiences during the USC Geriatric Fellowship application process. Electronic or paper surveys were directed to five USC geriatric medicine faculty, one geriatric fellow, and thirty fellowship applicants. Each survey consisted of six questions rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree'. The survey addressed aspects including overall experience, the effectiveness of the platform, logistical efficiency, and whether the participants would recommend the option of video interviews in future application cycles. The data was processed anonymously to minimize any possible bias. RESULTS: There was a total of 23 surveys that were returned. Overall, participants felt that their zoom experience was positive with a mean score of 4.6 and a median score of 5 on the 5-point Likert scale. Similarly, participants on average recommended offering the option of video interviews in future application seasons with a mean score of 4.6 and a median of 5. CONCLUSIONS: In 2020, the world was impacted with the COVID-19 pandemic, and as a result, graduate medical education programs were forced to adjust their application processes. The transition to allow for video interviews has created a modern opportunity that may result in an overall improvement in the application process by addressing classic barriers such as financial and time requirements. This is especially important in geriatric medicine which is a budding field which requires strong interpersonal skills.
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The outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by the recently identified coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, is leading patients to death (mortality: ∼7%) because of cytokine storm. COVID-19 induces excessivesecretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines accompanied by the disruption of the bronchi and alveoli, which could ultimately develop into permanent lung impairments such as pulmonary fibrosis. To regulate theuncontrolled expression of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, improved cell-permeable nuclear import inhibitor(iCP-NI) has been developed by fusing sequence-optimized hydrophobic cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), namelyadvanced macromolecule transduction domain (aMTD) with nuclear localization signal (NLS) of stress responsivetranscription factors (SRTFs: NF-κB, STAT1/3, AP-1, and NFAT). Intracellularly delivered NLS is supposed tosuppress expression of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines by inhibiting transport of SRTFs from cytoplasm intonucleus. iCP-NI regulated expression of cytokines (TNF-α: -79%, IL-6: -91%, IL-12: -110% and IL-10: +574%) andchemokines (MCP-1: -89%) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) from RNA virus infection mimetic pneumonitisanimals that were induced with inhalation of RNA structure molecule, poly I:C. iCP-NI also significantly decreasedpulmonary fibrosis (-61%) in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis animals. Moreover, iCP-NI protected leukocytes(CD3+ T cell: 100%, CD4+/CD3+ T cell: 96%, B220+ B cell: 85%, CD45+ macrophage: 100%) and reducedapoptotic splenocytes (-97%) in staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and poly I:C-induced acute pneumonitisanimals. These results suggest that iCP-NI has potential as a novel therapeutic measurement for inflammationcaused by various infectious diseases including COVID-19 accompanied with cytokine storm and severe sepsis.